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Zirconium (Zr) – Element 40 of the periodic table

Zirconium (symbol Zr) is element number 40 of the periodic table and belongs to the “Transition metal” category. Its atomic mass is about 91.224, and its phase under standard conditions is Solid. This element sits in period 5 and group 4 of the periodic table, and its electrons are arranged in shells of 2, 8, 18, 10, 2. The short electron configuration of Zirconium is [Kr] 4d² 5s². Known uses of Zirconium include Nuclear reactors, Gemstones and Surgical instruments.

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Properties of Zirconium

Atomic number
40
Chemical symbol
Zr
Atomic mass
91.224
Category
Transition metal
Period
5
Group
4
Phase
Solid
Protons
40
Electrons
40
Neutrons (approx.)
51
Electron shells
2, 8, 18, 10, 2
Outer-shell electrons
2
Discovered
Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1789)

Electron configuration of Zirconium

The electron configuration of Zirconium (Zr), with 40 electrons, is shown below. The last shell (shell 5) is highlighted:

Full configuration
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d² 5s²
Short configuration
[Kr] 4d² 5s²
Last shell
5s²

What is electron configuration and how is it written?

Electron shells of Zirconium

Distribution of 40 electrons of Zirconium across shells K to O:

  1. K2
  2. L8
  3. M18
  4. N10
  5. O2

What is a transition metal?

The transition metals are the d-block elements: usually good conductors of heat and electricity, with several oxidation states, and they form colourful compounds and important catalysts.

Uses of Zirconium

Frequently asked questions about Zirconium

What is the atomic number of Zirconium?

The atomic number of Zirconium (Zr) is 40; that is, every atom of it has 40 protons.

What is the electron configuration of Zirconium?

The electron configuration of Zirconium (Zr) is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d² 5s²; in short form it is [Kr] 4d² 5s², and its last shell is 5s².

What is the chemical symbol of Zirconium?

The chemical symbol of Zirconium is Zr.

Where is Zirconium located in the periodic table?

Zirconium is located in period 5 and group 4 and belongs to the “Transition metal” category.

What is the atomic mass of Zirconium?

The atomic mass of Zirconium is about 91.224 (atomic mass units).

What is the phase of Zirconium under normal conditions?

The phase of Zirconium under standard conditions is Solid.

What are the uses of Zirconium?

Uses of Zirconium include Nuclear reactors, Gemstones and Surgical instruments.

Who discovered Zirconium?

Zirconium was discovered by Martin Heinrich Klaproth in 1789.

Elements in the same category as Zirconium (Transition metal)

Scandium (Sc)Titanium (Ti)Vanadium (V)Chromium (Cr)Manganese (Mn)Iron (Fe)Cobalt (Co)Nickel (Ni)Copper (Cu)Zinc (Zn)Yttrium (Y)Niobium (Nb)Molybdenum (Mo)Technetium (Tc)Ruthenium (Ru)Rhodium (Rh)Palladium (Pd)Silver (Ag)Cadmium (Cd)Hafnium (Hf)

See all Transition metals

Zirconium’s group 4 neighbours

Titanium (Ti)Hafnium (Hf)Rutherfordium (Rf)

Group 4 of the periodic table